Restoring the Coconut Grove ~ Kalapana and Kaimu

The first time we went to Kalapana, we were lost... I can't remember where we were trying to go, but we were not only lost, but... let's not call it "fighting"... but the attitude in the car was ... "tense"....maybe it was just me...

There were 5 of us, and I, for one, was feeling "crowded". (Oh, this was with Richard & Shannan, and their son, Evan - previously mentioned often in my stories.)

Then, we got to the end of the road - literally, the end of the road. In 1990, the Kilauea eruption that started in 1984 reached the village of Kalapana in 1990. The residents tried to resist the lava, putting up sandbags and whatever else could be done to preserve their houses, but in the end... the lava won. It was slow moving lava (pahoehoe*) and everyone was safe - no lives lost, which is a huge relief!! but the financial loss was huge.

At the end of the road (technically, at Kaimu), there was a cafe/diner place with milkshakes and burgers, an honor-system honey kiosk (jars of honey, a list of prices, and a jar to put your money in...no humans), and a bar, called "Uncle's Awa Bar."

It looked like a tiki bar from any Caribbean movie you've ever seen, so we went over and ordered a drink. "A beer, please." "Oh, we don't serve alcohol. Just awa." "What's awa?" (Pronounced, by the way, "ah-vah".)

Well! THAT is a good question! This shrub like plant is a member of the "pepper" family, and it's roots (which can be eaten or drank in tea) are used for medicine and general relaxation. Medicinally, it has been used to treat fevers, headaches, asthma and other respiratory issues...and can be used as a sedative or a muscle relaxant.


We didn't get that explanation at all - just: "It's a drink that the ancient Hawaiians used to drink. You should have some."

So, we did. It tasted like sweet dirt. It was nasty! BUT, within seconds, my tongue started feeling like I'd had Novocaine, and all the tenseness from being trapped in the car was forgotten! Before we knew it, Uncle had sent us out, singing in the rain (did I mention it was raining?) to the shoreline with sprouted coconuts, to help "replant Kalapana."

The picture of us sitting with our Coconut Trees is two years later. I'm happy to report that they were still there.. I mean, they weren't giant, but considering we planted them in shallow black sand, "protected" by a lava flow, where their main source of moisture is salt water sprayed from the ocean...

This time, we tried to find them again... it was difficult! The "forest" is tall!! (Many people have written on their coconuts so they can find them, but I always forget to bring a pen...or crayon...)

I think this could be them, but like I said - It's "overgrown" and I can't be certain. I am claiming them, though.



 Kalapana is now buried under 50-75 feet (16-25 meters) of lava, about 500 acres of new land have been added, and there's a brand new coastline...... and a beautiful black sand beach - it's not a good place to swim, but it's a beautiful view and you can play in the sand (unless the tide is coming in...)

You can actually hike in to see the Pu'u O'o Vent and possible hot lava sightings from the Kalapana angle. Once you are there, ask someone. We haven't done that hike yet. Reviews say it takes 20 minutes to 2 hours to get to the lava... If, in fact, you were guaranteed to see lava, that maybe not too long!!

Reviews also say that there are hustlers who offer to lead you on a tour ... Some say that they are worth it... maybe they are! We hired someone with a broken down truck to take us to the Green Sand Beach and THAT was worth it! (Topic of a later blog). I guess it's "Caveat Emptor"... "Buyer Beware." If I ever find out who's who, I'll let you know. 

(By the way - I'm not suggesting you shouldn't do the hike, nor am I suggesting that you shouldn't hire a guide.... I'm just saying I haven't done it yet, so I don't have a realistic suggestion... However, it is on my to-do list...maybe...) (The Ranger at the Jaggar Museum Lookout said to beware that trespassing may be involved...)

Without hiking, and just from the "End of the Road", you can see the Pu'u O'o Vent, and the steam from the lava river flowing down the mountain. That's pretty "worth it" anyway!

Uncle Robert's Awa Bar is now open on Wednesdays and Fridays, with live music featuring local artists! And, the ice cream shop, the Kalapana Village Cafe, has THE BEST macadamia nut chocolate Kona coffee Ice Cream!! (They might not have that exact flavor - I had so many scoops, they all melded together...and included all my favorites.)

See you Wednesday!
...

The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory's website explains "In an eruption with a high effusion rate - where a lot of lava is being
discharged at once - `a`a flows tend to form. If the rate of effusion is low, a pahoehoe flow is more likely to develop..." So, I had to look up "effusion", and in case you don't know already, "Effusion" is "the process in which individual molecules flow through a hole without collisions between molecules. This occurs if the diameter of the hole is considerably smaller than the mean free path of the molecules." Yes. That makes sense and explains the difference.

Here's what I know: "Pahoehoe lava" is smooth, and looks like thick frosting. It isn't great to walk on barefoot, but probably won't cause your feet to bleed. "A'a lava" is jagged, and hurts terrible to step on barefoot! You can remember which is which because when you step on A'a Lava, you will actually yell "Aaaaaaa! Aaaaaa!"

Wikipedia has some pretty good pictures, actually, with a good explanation. (Due to time issues, I can't find my own picture of a'a lava, but will maybe add one later.)

...
http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/volcanowatch/archive/1999/99_05_27.html
http://www.to-hawaii.com/big-island/cities/kalapana.php
http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/kilauea/history/1990Kalapana/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalapana,_Hawaii
www.tcroke.com/2012/03/hiking-to-the-puuoo-lava-flow-part-1
http://www.hawaiihighways.com/photos-Red-Road.htm
www.nps.gov/havo

Hawaii, The BIG Island

I said we were going to talk about Hawaii in this blog, and I thought that was going to be “easy.” BUT, I can’t figure out where to start!!!

Should I start with “Hawaii, the State”? “Hawaii, the Big Island, general information”? I’ve decided to start with “Hawaii, this time around – Day 1.”

 

Going with people who’ve not previously been to Hawaii is always fun for me, because: we get to do things we did the first time we came, but maybe haven’t done since. OR, we get to do things we do every time, but they seem fresh and exciting, because they are fresh and exciting to someone!

 

This particular trip takes place on The Big Island of Hawaii. (Almost all of my trips to Hawaii (state) take place on Hawaii (Island), called “The Big Island” to avoid confusion. Another point that confuses many people is that “The Big Island” is NOT Oahu. Hawaii (The Big Island) is 4,028.2 square miles (2,578,048 acres). Oahu, by comparison, is 727.3 square miles (465,472 acres.)

 

It’s about 95 miles from the North tip to South Point, 80 miles from east to west, and has 266 miles of coastline.

 

Take a look at the map. Without reading labels, you should be able to pick out which island is the Biggest! That’s the one we are visiting.

 

It’s also the youngest. Compared to Oahu’s estimated age of around 3.4 to 2.2 million years old, Big Island is still a keiki (Hawaiian for “child”) at less than 700,000 years old… and still growing. (As we shall see in a later blog.)

 

The oldest volcano on The Big Island (there are 5 main volcanic mountains that make up the Island) is Kohala, the northern most mountain. It is estimated to be about a million years old, but reached the surface of the water around 500,000 years ago, and the last estimated eruption was around 120,000 years ago. It’s 5,480 feet (1,670 meters) above sea level, and it’s about 5.8% of the land area of the Island. It is considered “extinct”, which means that it will (supposedly) never erupt again.

 

Mauna Kea is considered “dormant”, which means that it hasn’t erupted in the past 200 years (“historic” times), and probably won’t erupt again.

 

Mauna Kea last erupted around 4,500 years ago. It’s name means “White Mountain” and it often has snow on top. You can even ski and snowboard up there! I think some people even go sledding up there too. I haven’t been up there yet, but it’s definitely on my “to-do” list…well, not to go skiing, I don’t

 

think.. it’s REALLY high altitude and often has wind warnings, so timing is tricky.. Plus, I’m not great at skiing and worse at snowboarding… I could maybe sled.. (There’s also caution extended to people who SCUBA, because of the high elevation verses being under the water – something about “the bends”… I guess divers know the restrictions. If not, look it up before you try to SCUBA and summit….Apparently, even if you aren’t diving, altitude-sickness can still be a problem.)

Mauna Kea is 13,796′ (4205 meter) above sea-level, and the ski hill is at the summit. In fact, Mauna Kea (measured from base to peak) is the tallest mountain on Earth, at 33,476 feet (10,203 meters)!!!! (Mount Everest is 29,035 feet (8,850 meters).. I probably won’t sled. It seems cold. BUT, I’d like to see it.

 

Also up on Mauna Kea is the Onizuka Center for Astronomy (also called Hale Pōhaku, which means “stone house”). They have free stargazing every night! (Yes – this is definitely on my to-do list.) The Center is at 9,300-foot (2,800 m) above sea-level, and it’s suggested/recommended to spend time there to acclimatize, before ascending further.

Hualalai is the Big Island’s oldest ”active” volcano, meaning it has, at some point, in the past 200 years. Hualalai’s last eruption was in 1801.

 

The oldest rocks of Hualalai date back about 128,000, but it’s estimated to have reached the ocean’s surface around 300,000 years ago. It is 8,271 feet (2,521 meters) above sea-level.

 

An eruption is predicted for sometime in the future (in the next 100 years, I read), but is carefully monitored by the Hawaii Volcano Observatory… Hopefully, if anything happens, it’ll be a mild and peaceful eruption… like, a breaking through the surface and a trickling stream down the side…where nobody lives…heh.

 

Mauna Loa means “Long Mountain”. This is a great name! It’s HUGE and has the title of being the “Earth’s Largest Volcano“!! It makes up 50% of the total land base for the Big Island. It’s 60 miles long, 3o miles wide, and 13,681 feet above sea-level. It’s below the ocean’s surface by about 5 kms AND THEN! Because it’s soooo huge and heavy, the sea floor has depressed another 8 kms!! So, technically, it’s summit is around 56,000 feet (17kms) above it’s base!! Yikes!

Mauna Loa is estimated to be about 1,000,000 years old, but didn’t reach the ocean’s surface until maybe 400,000 years ago, and the oldest rocks are estimated to be in the 100,000 year range. The last eruption was 1984, and is expected to erupt again…someday.

As discussed, volcano’s are categorized as “Extinct”, “Dormant”, and “Active”. Personally, I have a fourth category: “REALLY Active” – those that are erupting right now! There’s probably an official term anyway, but I didn’t happen across it.

 

“Really Active” is Kilauea, possibly earning the title as “most active” in the world. Although it looks like it’s coming from Mauna Loa, it is actually it’s own volcano. “Kilauea” means “spewing”, which is appropriate since it’s been erupting non-stop since 1983.

 

It’s estimated to be between 300,000 and 600,000 years old, and having reached the ocean’s surface between 50,000 and 100,000 years ago. The oldest rocks date to around 23,000 years old. It is currently 4,190 feet (1,277 meters) above sea-level…the Pu’u O’o Vent (the current erupting point) is a “cinder-and-spatter cone” and lava from it flows through Lava Tubes into the ocean, so it isn’t really gaining height at all, BUT about 500 new acres of land have been added since 1983.

You can see the steam from Pu’u O’o as the lava comes down the mountain and a big plume where it reaches the ocean! Technically, you can hike to get a closer view, but it’s very strenuous and can be dangerous – so do aLOT of research and double check conditions with the Park Rangers at Volcano National Park.

You can also get a pretty good view of the Halema’uma’u Lava Lake right in the Kilauea Crater, from the Jaggar Museum in the Park - it’s kind of at an angle that you can see either steam or the red glow (depending upon the time of day), but not really any liquid lava. They have a web cam, though, too, for an even better view.)

 

An article from October 2012 says that the lava in the Lake had surged about 50 feet (15 meters) and only had about “110 feet (33 m) to go until the lava reaches the top of the vent and floods the crater floor”! (This link has an interesting report from October 2012, plus youtube video.)

 

Wednesday’s blog will be about Kilauea and Volcano National Park. (Oh yes. I’m going to try to get back to a Wednesday/Sunday routine.)

 

Before I go today, though – I just want to talk about one more active volcano – a “brand new” little up-and-comer – Lo ‘ihi. I’m not sure when it first started erupting, but it reactivated in 1996. It is currently about 931 meters tall on the north side, and 3,786 meters on the south side, since it’s growing on a slope.

 

OK! See you Wednesday!

…

www.nps.gov/havo
www.to-hawaii.com
www.soeest.hawaii
http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/volcanoes/hualalai/
http://www.volcanogallery.com/Facts.htm
http://hypertextbook.com/facts/2001/BeataUnke.shtml